Winner of the standing ovation award for best powerpoint templates from presentations magazine. Sulfide stress cracking steelsulfide stress cracking steel tensile steelaluminumplastic. Sulfide stress cracking is a function of hydrogen sulfide concentration as low as ppm, hydrogen sulfide partial pressure, stresses, material yield strength, temperature and ph. Sulfide stress crackingresistant drill pipe addresses h2s challenges.
Astm e 7, standard terminology relating to metallography stresscorrosion. Sulfide stress cracking ssc is a type of hydrogen cracking which presents a cathodic embrittlement mechanism. Field history the production unit is installed as close to the oil wells as possible and is used to separate gas and water from the crude oil. Sulfide stress cracking of pipelinecase history onepetro. Below 20f 7c the diffusion rate of the hydrogen is so slow that the critical concentration is never reached.
This article is reporting the sulfide stress cracking of stainless steel 410 in annealed condition. Carbide on reheat cracking sensitivity of crmo steels, iiw doc. The ssc of medium strength steels has been a continuing source of trouble in the oil fields, and from these troubles has evolved in international standards 6. Ppt hydrogen sulfide gas powerpoint presentation free. Covers sulfide stress cracking room temperature, atmospheric pressure and stress corrosion cracking elevated temperatures and pressures. The effect of applied potential on the sulfide stress cracking ssc of this material. In this paper, mechanical performance test, slow strain rate test ssrt and optical microscopy analysis were employed in studying the effect of carbon migration on sulfide stress corrosion cracking sscc behaviors of cr5moa3020cr18ni9 dissimilar joints.
The article also introduces a quantitative criterion to determine the maximum allowable defect size based on fracture mechanics principles. The list of acronyms and abbreviations related to ssc sulfide stress cracking. H2s causes severe corrosion to copper, silver, brass and bronze. Hydrogen sulfide stress corrosion cracking in materials. Partial pressure of the h 2 s is determined by multiplying the mole fraction of h 2 s in the gas by the total pressure. The stress corrosion cracking behaviour of uns n08031 in.
In this chapter the terms eac and scc are generally interchangeable. Materials not susceptible to h2s stress cracking may be used. Nace mr 0103 materials resistant to sulfide stress cracking in corrosive petroleum refining. H 2 s can cause corrosion of stainless steels such as 316 and 410 stainless in the form of sulfide stress cracking.
Sulfide stress cracking mostly occurs in very highly acidic environments. A small partial pressure of gaseous h2s with a system also containing free water. Alloys which are commercially available and those which have modified metallurgical structures and. Processes or conditions involving wet hydrogen sulfide, i. The h2s causes the hydrogen to enter the metal structure rather than bubble off from the surface. Ssc is a form of spontaneous brittle breakdown in occurring in highstrength. Other factors, such as ph, chloride concentration, and temperature also affect the potential for steel cracking. Sulfide stress cracking an overview sciencedirect topics. Corrosionpedia what is sulfide stress cracking ssc.
The continuous cooling transformation behavior of nine steels was evaluated by dilatometry. One of the more common problems is ssc, sulfide stress cracking. Tib and mncrmo was evaluated using constant load tensile test. The utilization of brass connections and other equipment consisting of brass or bronze alloys are not recommended by the rrc. Sulfide stress cracking is a form of hydrogen embrittlement that occurs in highstrength steels and in localized hard zones in weldment of susceptible materials. Overview of ngv fuel tank testing requirements livio gambone, p. To protect from ssc, hic hydrogen induced cracking and other damage mechanisms, refiners use a variety of defenses. Pdf sulfide stress corrosion cracking and hydrogen. It can occur when carbonsteel equipment becomes exposed to wet h 2 s service environments, and it can come in several different forms. Sulfide stress cracking nace mr01752002, mr0175iso 15156. Sulfide stress cracking ssc resistance of casing steels with different alloying chemistries i. Sulfide stress cracking of nickelcontaining lowalloy steels in. The cooling water contained approximately 400 ppm chlorides had been blocked in with the 350f shellside process still flowing. Amine cracking is often intertwined with wet hydrogen sulfide h2s and carbonate cracking, as amines, carbonates and wet sulfides often exist together in amine.
Sulfide stress cracking is also called hydrogen sulfide cracking, sulfide cracking, sulfide corrosion cracking and sulfide stresscorrosion cracking. A much smaller sulfide content with high ph and dissolved cyanide, or. Hydrogen sulfide is a colorless, very poisonous, flammable gas with the characteristic foul odor of rotten eggs. Producing wet sour gas presents some of the toughest technical challenges in the oil and gas business. Environmentally assisted cracking eac is a general term that includes processes such as stress corrosion cracking scc, hydrogen embrittlement he, sulfide stress cracking ssc, liquid metal embrittlement lme, and corrosion fatigue cf. Sulfide stress cracking ssc vs hydrogen induced cracking. Sulfide stress cracking resistant steels for heavy section wellhead. Sulfide stress cracking is the worst type of corrosion in the presence of hydrogen sulfide. Bismillahirrahmanirrahiiim sulfide stress corrosion cracking by hamdzan asat definition stresscorrosion crack scc is a crack which may be intergranular or transgranular depending on the material, resulting from the combined action of corrosion and stress, either external applied or internal residual.
Remember to always keep your buddy in sight while in the danger zone. The effect of quenching temperature, t q, on the sulfide stress cracking ssc behaviors was estimated via the double cantilever beam dcb and the electrochemical hydrogen permeation ehp. It should not be confused with the term stress corrosion cracking which is an anodic cracking mechanism. Standard material requirements sulfide stress cracking. Sulfide stress cracking ssc also known as sour gas cracking sour gas. Hydrogen embrittlement he also known as hydrogen assisted cracking hac and hydrogeninduced cracking hic, describes the embrittling of metal after being exposed to hydrogen. Sulfide stress cracking how is sulfide stress cracking abbreviated. Stress corrosion cracking of stainless steels in highpressure. Discusses environment cracking variability, test reagents and solutions, material properties, test vessels and fixtures, and testing at elevated temperaturepressure. This article describes current industry practices to catalog features observed after sulfide stress cracking testing. The sulfide stress cracking fracture toughness is primarily a function of alloy composition and microstructure. Sulfide stress cracking of stainless steel 410 in sour.
Sulfide stress cracking ssc is one of the detrimental types of corrosion which happens in sour environment. Sulphide stress cracking ssc is the biggest concern 9. Types of environmental cracking stress corrosion cracking scc sulfide stress cracking chloride induced scc caustic induced scc hydrogen embrittlement corrosion fatigue cracks the cracks form and propagate approximately at right angles to the direction of the tensile stresses at stress levels much lower than those required to fracture the. The major hazards of h 2 s are its ability to cause rapid damage to health or sudden death due to accidental exposure and metal integrity failure due to general corrosion or cracking.
The embrittlement induced by ssc causes failure of steel at a stress level, which is significantly lower than its yield strength. Standard material requirements sulfide stress cracking resistant metallic materials for oilfield equipment contents 1. Sulfide stress cracking resistant steels for heavy section. The results showed that the resistance to sscc of this joint improved first then decline after 98h aging treatments. H2s also reacts with the iron in steel to form the potentially dangerous compounds iron pyrite and iron sulfide. The letter in conjunction with the number designates parameters such as the maximum yield strength and the minimum ultimate strength which for l80 pipe are 95,000 psi. An industry value that has been developed is nace mr01. Sulfide stress cracking resistant metallic material for oil. Most serious type of stress corrosion cracking due to hydrogen occurs in sour service hydrogen usually picked up from sulfide solutions. In chloride containing environments, titanium alloys, aluminum alloys, and high strength stainless steels are susceptible and specific alloys. The development of low alloy steels for heavy section wellhead equipment which will be subject to hydrogen sulfide stress corrosion cracking ssc is described. Wet hydrogen sulfide h2s cracking inspectioneering.
There are maximum acceptable h 2 s concentration limits in sale quality oil and gas, which require. Sulfide stress cracking is a form of hydrogen embrittlement that occurs in high strength steels and in localized hard zones in weldment of susceptible materials. Evaluating the suitability of the nace standard test, tm 01 77, for. Basics of sulfide stress cracking ssc and stress corrosion cracking scc ssc and scc are cracking processes that develop in the presence of water, corrosion and surface tensile stress. Sulfide stress crackingresistant drill pipe addresses h2s. For this reason, along with toxicity risks of hydrogen sulfide gas, it is essential that water muds be kept entirely free of soluble sulfides and especially hydrogen sulfide at low ph. Effect of carbon migration on sulfide stress corrosion. Wet h 2 s corrosion can be a particularly dangerous form of corrosion because damage caused by it takes place on the interior of. Sulfide stress cracking of nickelcontaining lowalloy steels. The resistance to chlorideinduced stress corrosion cracking of uns n08031 was tested on ubend specimens according to astm g 30 for a testing time of 2000 hours. Hydrogen stress cracking is a form of hydrogen embrittlement that occurs when corrosion from acids like wet hydrogen sulfide and hydrofluoric acid cause atomic hydrogen to penetrate hardened or higher strength steels and cause stress cracking. Sulfide stress cracking how is sulfide stress cracking. In other words, it can support a stress of 80,000 psi with an elongation of less than 0.
Above those limits, the service is considered subject to stress corrosion cracking. Chloride stress corrosion cracking scc on the cooling water side of a 316l stainless steel exchanger tube. Effect of quenching temperature on sulfide stress cracking. Theyll give your presentations a professional, memorable appearance the kind of sophisticated look that todays audiences expect. Susceptible alloys, especially steels, react with hydrogen sulfide, forming metal sulfides and atomic hydrogen as corrosion byproducts. Recent experience has demonstrated the risk of sscc and hic, sometimes known as hydrogen embrittlement he, of low strength steels subject to high residual stress derived from fabrication techniques. Sulfide stress cracking is most severe at ambient temperature, 20 to 120f 7 to 49c. Hydrogen induced cracking of low strength steels in. Corrosion process and control tkk2289 ppt video online.
Corrosion types stress corrosion cracking the failure of a metal resulting from the cojoint action of stress and chemical attack. Double cantilever beam fracture mechanics tests were used to evaluate the ssc resistance of twentyone quenched and tempered. Sulfide stress cracking nace mr01752002, mr0175iso. Sulfide stress corrosion cracking and hydrogen induced cracking of a216wcc wellhead flow control valve body article pdf available in case studies in engineering failure analysis. Worlds best powerpoint templates crystalgraphics offers more powerpoint templates than anyone else in the world, with over 4 million to choose from. Sulfide stress cracking is also called hydrogen sulfide cracking, sulfide cracking, sulfide corrosion cracking and. It is a progressive type of failure that produces cracking at stress levels that are well below the materials tensile strength. Sulfide stress cracking ssc is a form of hydrogen embrittlement which is a cathodic cracking mechanism. Sulfide stress cracking ssc has been the subject of investigation since the late 1940s, when a mysterious form of brittle failure began to be observed in steel equipment used to produce oil and. Tm01772016, laboratory testing of metals for resistance to sulfide stress cracking and stress corrosion cracking in h2s environments sorry this product is no longer available testing of metals subjected to tensile stresses for resistance to cracking failure in lowph aqueous environments containing hydrogen sulfide h2s.
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